什麼是STEM教育？
什麼又是STEAM教育?

STEM教育是一項跨領域、科目整合的教學方式，核心著重於科學(Science)、 科技(Technology)、工程(Engineering)及數學(Math)，後續也延伸出含藝術(Art)，亦稱為STEAM教育。STEM或者是STEAM ? 在國際上除了台灣與香港之外，多用 “STEM “作為整個核心STEM教育的總稱。

STEM教育 / STEAM教育有別於傳統填鴨式教學，揮別單向灌輸知識，採用引導學生進行批判性思考、結合跨領域知識技能，解決現實世界會碰到的問題。培養出主動學習、喜歡學習的下一代。

根據清華大學周淑惠教授定義 STEM 教育的意涵為：針對生活中的問題，透過工程的設計、製作與精進的核心活動，作為課程與教學主軸，歷程中並整合運用科學與科學探究、數學與數學思考、以及技術與工具等，以產生製作物暨解決實際的問題。（周淑惠，2018a，2018b，2020）

美國的STEM教育更注重跨領域的多元性、男女教育或者是貧富的受教權平等，讓孩子透過探索找到問題的答案。

What is STEM Education?

STEM education is an interdisciplinary and integrated teaching approach that focuses on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics, with the later addition of Art and Reading, also known as STEAM education.

STEM/STEAM education is different from traditional rote learning and emphasizes guiding students to think, integrate knowledge and skills, and solve real-world problems. It aims to cultivate the next generation of proactive and enthusiastic learners.

According to Professor Zhou Shuhui from Tsinghua University, the essence of STEM education is to use engineering design, production, and refinement as the core activity to address real-life problems, and integrate science exploration, mathematics thinking, and technology and tools to generate products and solve practical problems.

STEM education in the United States emphasizes interdisciplinary diversity, gender and socio-economic equality, and encourages children to explore and find answers to problems.

STEM教育的起源？

1986年，美國國家科學委員會（National Science Board, NSB）提出一套集成「科學(S)、數學(M)、工程(E)和技術(T)的教育建議，當時簡稱為SMET，被視為現在STEM教育的始祖。十年後在1996年，美國國家科學基金會（National Science Foundation, NSF）提出更明確的政策建議，並將SMET這個縮寫字改為STEM。在2006年，美國總統布希在《美國競爭力計劃》中，提出知識型經濟時代教育目標之一是培養具有STEM素質的人士，並稱STEM教育為全球化世界中的競爭力之關鍵要素。美國是STEM教育的源頭，起源是希望在教育中利用跨領域結合理論和實踐，改變以老師為中心的傳統課堂模式。
更多STEM教育的起源可參考美國 STEM 教育的發展沿革與經驗─以俄亥俄州為例 (張仁家、林癸妙，2019)。

The Origin of STEM Education

In 1986, the National Science Board (NSB) in the United States proposed a set of education recommendations that integrated science (S), mathematics (M), engineering (E), and technology (T), which was then abbreviated as SMET and considered the ancestor of STEM education. Ten years later in 1996, the National Science Foundation (NSF) in the United States proposed more explicit policy recommendations and changed the acronym from SMET to STEM. In 2006, President Bush of the United States, in the "American Competitiveness Initiative," set the goal of cultivating individuals with STEM qualities in the knowledge-based economy era, and referred to STEM education as a key element of competitiveness in the globalized world. The United States is the source of STEM education, with the aim of using interdisciplinary theory and practice to change the traditional teacher-centered classroom model in education. More information on the origin and development of STEM education in the United States can be found in "The Development and Experience of STEM Education in the United States: A Case Study of Ohio" (Zhang Renjia, Lin Guimiao, 2019).

下面提供一些課程中會使用到的影片連結

STEAM教育與傳統教育的差異?

什麼是STEAM教育?

PBL (Project Base Learning) 專案式教學

玻璃構成的一天

STEM教育的三個世界趨勢

The three trends for STEM/STEAM education

1.STEM / STEAM在教育中將越來越重要：更多研究顯示STEM教育 / STEAM教育對教育的有積極正面的影響。

1. STEM will gain prominence in early childhood education: This trend is expected to continue as studies demonstrate how STEM education at an early age positively impacts educational outcomes.

2.STEM中的T越來越突出：熟練的技術是一項核心生活技能。學生需要技術方面的軟硬體技能，還需要對於數感素養的理解。作為教師準備工作的一部分，越來越多的計劃趨向數字化管理，以及幫助教育工作者在課堂上發展其技術使用的方式。

The T in STEM gains prominence: Technology proficiency as a core life skill. Students need hard and soft skills in technology, and they also need digital literacy and technological competency. More programmes are focusing on digital literacy as part of teacher preparation, along with ways to help educators evolve their use of technology in classrooms.

3.許多組織和學校都在努力，為學生提供在校期間的真實世界體驗。

STEM education will lead the way in authentic and applied learning practices: Students need to build real-world skills while they're still in school in order to succeed in a global economy.

參考 : 1.www.indiatoday.in 2.100kin10.org

新一代的教師崛起

The rise of a new generation of educators

經過了疫情之後，更多的老師已經開始熟悉使用科技進行教育，較兩三年前也有更多老師願意投入了教育。

We’ve seen teachers elevated to local heroes. And we’re hearing from large and small, local and national teacher preparation progams that interest in teaching is up and teacher recruitment is on the rise. Across our network of leading STEM teacher preparers, more people are choosing teaching now than did 2-3 years ago. -Forbes, 2021.3

教師將繼續發展自己的角色，為學生提供更多與個人相關的教育經驗，並將在成為教室內外學習機會的策展人。這表示教師開始主導及創造新形態的課程，並與各種與STEM和職業相關的合作夥伴建立關係，以做出吸引人的相關學習機會。將職業和學校可學習的技術結合，這可協助學生對於未來就業市場有更好的連結。

Research shows that students engage and learn more when the learning is relevant to their lives and interests. As a result, we predict that teachers will continue evolving their roles to provide more personally relevant educational experiences for their students and will do that in no small part as master curators of learning opportunities in and out of the classroom. This might mean that teachers coordinate lesson plans and develop relationships with diverse STEM- and career-relevant partners to create engaging and relevant learning opportunities. To that end, we’ve seen a renewed interest in career and technical education as a means to help students connect the dots between classroom learning and future career opportunities. - 100Kin10